This document examines the critical shift in American citizenship created by the 14th Amendment. Before 1868, a Citizen (capital C) referred to a state Citizen—sovereign members of the de jure body politic of the several states, recognized as one of the People. The 14th Amendment introduced a new statutory “citizen of the United States,” a federal ens legis fiction tied to corporate jurisdiction rather than inherent sovereignty. By distinguishing between Citizen, state Citizen, “citizen of the United States,” and one of the People, this study clarifies how rights were transformed from unalienable to regulated privileges.